Introduction
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the world’s most attractive destinations for professionals from across the globe. Its thriving economy, modern infrastructure, and diverse industries provide countless opportunities for career growth. However, to enjoy a secure and fair work experience, employees must be fully aware of their workplace rights.
The UAE Labor Law sets clear rules that protect both employees and employers, creating a balanced and safe work environment. In this article, we’ll explore 10 fundamental employee rights in the UAE that every worker should know.
What Are Employee Rights in the UAE?
The UAE Labor Law was designed to safeguard workers’ rights while also supporting business growth. It guarantees fair pay, regulated working hours, safe environments, and protection against exploitation.
Below are the 10 key rights every employee should be aware of.
1. A Valid Employment Contract
Your employment journey starts with a contract.
What Should the Contract Include?
- Job title and description
- Salary and allowances
- Working hours
- Leave entitlements
- Duration of employment (limited or unlimited)
Why Is It Important?
The contract is a legally binding agreement. In case of disputes, it serves as the main reference for both employer and employee. Every worker should keep a signed copy.
2. Right to Fair Wages
Receiving your salary on time is a basic right.
Wage Protection System (WPS)
All salaries in the UAE must be paid through the Wage Protection System (WPS), which ensures transparency and protects workers from unpaid or delayed wages.
What If Your Salary Is Delayed?
Failure to pay salaries on time is a violation of labor law. Employees can file a complaint with the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE) for resolution.
3. Working Hours and Rest Days
The law clearly defines working hours and rest periods.
Maximum Working Hours
- 8 hours per day or 48 hours per week
- Reduced by 2 hours daily during Ramadan
Overtime and Rest Days
- Employees are entitled to one paid weekly rest day, usually Friday.
- Overtime must be compensated either financially or with time off.
4. Annual Leave
Rest and vacation are guaranteed rights.
Annual Leave Entitlement
- 30 days of paid leave after one year of service
- Pro-rated leave if employment is less than a year
Can Employers Deny Leave?
Employers may adjust leave schedules due to business needs, but employees remain entitled to their full annual leave.
5. Sick Leave
Health is a top priority under UAE law.
Breakdown of Sick Leave
Employees can take up to 90 days of sick leave per year:
- First 15 days: full pay
- Next 30 days: half pay
- Remaining 45 days: unpaid
Requirement
A certified medical report is required to validate sick leave.
6. End-of-Service Benefits (Gratuity)
When employment ends, workers are entitled to a gratuity payment.
How Is It Calculated?
- 21 days’ basic salary for each year of service during the first 5 years
- 30 days’ basic salary for each additional year
Key Note
The gratuity payment cannot exceed the equivalent of two years’ wages.
7. Safe and Healthy Work Environment
Employers are legally obligated to ensure workplace safety.
Employer’s Responsibility
- Provide protective equipment when required
- Train employees in health and safety procedures
- Take measures to prevent accidents
Workplace Injury
If an employee suffers a work-related injury, they are entitled to medical treatment and financial compensation.
8. Women’s Rights at Work
The UAE strongly protects women in the workplace.
Equal Pay
Women must receive the same salary as men for performing the same job.
Maternity Leave
- 60 days of maternity leave (45 days on full pay + 15 days on half pay)
- Nursing breaks are allowed for 6 months after returning to work
9. Right to Lawful Contract Termination
Ending a job must follow legal procedures.
Notice Period
- At least 30 days’ notice for unlimited contracts
- Specific terms apply for limited contracts
Protection Against Unfair Dismissal
If dismissed without valid reason, an employee may claim compensation of up to three months’ salary.
10. Right to an Experience Certificate
Upon leaving a company, employees are entitled to proof of service.
What Should It Include?
- Job title
- Duration of employment
- Job responsibilities
Important Note
Employers cannot refuse to issue this certificate or include negative remarks.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can an employee work for another company at the same time?
Yes, but only with the primary employer’s approval or by obtaining a part-time work permit from MOHRE.
What happens if an employee is unfairly dismissed?
They may claim compensation of up to three months of their basic salary.
What are the rights in case of workplace injury?
Employees are entitled to free medical care and financial compensation in case of disability or death.
Conclusion
Working in the UAE offers countless opportunities for personal and professional growth. However, understanding your rights is essential to ensure a safe and rewarding journey. From fair wages and annual leave to maternity benefits and end-of-service gratuity, these 10 employee rights are your legal safety net.
Always review your employment contract carefully, stay updated with labor laws, and seek help from the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation if your rights are compromised.
